Topical+Essential+Questions

Matter has energy, whether chemical or kinetic energy. Matter requires energy to perform various life processes such as respiring (build up of proteins through amino acids and then building muscles). Energy can be used to transform matter and matter can store energy. All matter has potential energy. Example: The Kinetic Particle Theory.
 * 1. What is the relationship between energy and matter? **

The biological system needs energy to survive --> the transfer of the chemical energy from one organism to another in the food chain.
 * 2. How is energy significant to the biological system? **

The exchange of matter such as gaseous exchange is mandatory for the organism to survive and carry out processes in its body. Respiration is important to produce energy from the food that the living organism consumes so that it can carry out various other life processes. Photosynthesis also requires the exchange of materials.
 * 3. Can an organism survive without the exchange of matter with its environment? **

Not all matters are living e.g. tables and chairs. But living things are made up of building blocks of matter (macromolecules)- they have mass and they occupy space.
 * 4. Are all matters living and all living organisms made of matter? **

According Newton's law about energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed - rather transferred, converted to other forms, gained or lost. Living things convert energy into other forms through various life processes and their interaction with the environment.
 * 5. Can living organisms create and destroy energy? **

According to the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy, matter cannot be created or destroyed.
 * 6. Can living organisms create and destroy matter? **

**Topical Enduring Unde ****rstanding: **  Autotrophs (plants manufacture their own food) vs. Heterotrophs Photosynthesis is the process whereby light energy is converted to chemical potential energy in the form of ATP (example of matter where energy is stored in a high energy bond --> broken bond --> formation of ADP --> tremendous release of energy) [Start off with simple molecules and end up with complex molecules.] --> **ANABOLISM** ---> Reverse reaction for respiration --> **CATABOLISM** --> Photosynthesis requires light energy while respiration releases energy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">[ATP is transformed into ADP --> molecules of matter change when they take in or give out energy.] > >
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Change in the form of any matter involves energy.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Survival of the biological system depends on the conversion of energy from one form to another.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Changes in the organism are dependent on its environment.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Living organisms require matter and energy to maintain its complexity and organization.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Energy flow in biological processes obeys the laws of thermodynamics.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Living organisms release energy within the biological molecule into forms they can use to carry out life processes.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Process of the release of energy is affected by external environment.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The structure and organisation of the respiratory system is dictated by the function that it serves.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Metabolic pathway is a **sequence** of enzyme-controlled reactions.
 * 5) ### <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Why do we need to respire?
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Do the structure and organisation of the living system change when energy is released from them?
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">How are respiratory systems of animals organised efficiently to carry out its functions?
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Can there be any metabolism without enzymes? [NO. biological catalysts --> lowers the activation energy of the matter hence being able to speed up the reaction]